Architects’ perspectives on sustainable construction

Global Award for Sustainable Architecture™
Should architecture undergo a revolution?

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Le projet de structure modulaire Khudi Bari destinée à servir d’abri aux populations vulnérables de Marina Tabassum. L’architecte bangladaise a été primée lors de l’édition 2024 du Global Award for Sustainable ArchitectureTM pour ses engagements en faveur d’une architecture sociale et durable. Crédits : Asif Salman.

Urbanization
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Reading time: 10 min 10 min
22/05/2024

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In Venice this April, the annual Global Award for Sustainable Architecture™ honored architects committed to developing sustainable solutions in architecture and urban planning. For CSF, they agreed to respond to the question ’Should architecture stage a revolution?’. Read their different perspectives.

Iyas Shahin and Wesam Al Asali of IWLab (Syria): ‘It’s time for a radical change in architectural practice.’

IWLab is a Syrian multidisciplinary research laboratory founded in 2009 by the architects Iyas Shahin and Wesam Al Asali. It is renowned for its pioneering approach to urban planning.

“The idea of a revolution in architecture raises fundamental questions: For what purpose? For whom? Against whom? What methods should be used? These questions highlight critical issues of power, rights, justice, and responsibility in architecture, as well as its environmental impact. While a revolution is a means for change, it entails a range of tactics from peaceful negotiation to confrontation. It is inherently about frictions, oppositions, and endurance, but before all that—it is a shift in perception.

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A revolution in architecture doesn’t necessarily mean a revolution for architecture; it could be a revolution against it. Therefore, as architects, we must ask: Do our practices advocate for the betterment of the environment and society, or are our visions detrimental to them?

Given today’s urgent challenges, such as climate change, urbanization, and social inequality, there’s a strong argument for a radical shift in architectural practice. Society’s loss of confidence in architecture’s ability to address major issues, traditional practices consuming large amounts of resources and energy, and the need to promote better living conditions for underprivileged communities all indicate the necessity for change. Additionally, integrating cultural identities into architectural practices and making sustainable architecture accessible to more people are vital.

Engaging communities in planning and design is crucial, ensuring projects meet real needs and respect experiences. This shift may require renewing architectural education, teaching students to rethink architecture’s impact. A revolution in architecture is not merely a change in styles or materials, but a profound shift in philosophy and approach regarding its impact on the world.”

Iyas Shahin and Wesam Al Asali received the award for their overall approach. Here is their traditional adobe vault project designed for the residents of Um Myal, a village in Syria. It offers a solution that drastically reduces the resources required while also using local materials.

Marina Tabassum (Bangladesh): ‘No need for architecture to stage a revolution.’

Marina Tabassum is a Bangladeshi architect who specializes in affordable and sustainable construction solutions. She founded her firm, Marina Tabassum Architects (MTA), to develop community projects designed to improve the living conditions of local residents in Bangladesh.

No need for architecture to stage a revolution. It needs to revive from the amnesia induced by consumerism and realign with the values of living in a symbiotic relation with nature.

Hamidur Rahman Community Center is located south of Dakar, capital of Bangladesh. This industrial area was long forgotten by governments, leaving its residents feeling abandoned. The building designed by Marina Tabassum provides them with multi-purpose spaces that can host community, social and cultural activities.

Andrés Jaque (Spain/United States): ‘Architecture is now a form of dissidence against failing systems.’

Andrés Jaque believes that architects have a role to play in fighting for social justice, particularly when it comes to access to decent housing. This is why, in 2003, he founded OFFPOLINN (Office for Political Innovation), a firm now based in New York and in Madrid.

“Architecture is not about space. Architecture is the making of togetherness, more-than-human togetherness, transspecies togetherness. 

Architecture is not about buildings, but about how different entities (humans, bricks, trees, virus, air, stones) infiltrate each other. Modernity is the intersection of extractivism, carbonization, coloniality, racialization, patriarchates, anthropocentrism, technocracy, militarization, and capitalism. All these are cracking and failing. But there is life in their cracks; other forms of life are yet to come from these cracks. Architecture is now a form of dissidence against failing systems, not exactly a revolution but rather life itself growing at/as the ruins of violence. Architecture is a transspecies re-alliance, a more-than-human affirmation of the yet-to-come.”

The design principles of the Reggio de Madrid school centre on the desire for exploration and research that architectural environments can stimulate in children. Project devised by teams at Andrés Jaque’s Office for Political Innovation.

Ciro Pirondi (Brazil): ‘Architecture, as a discourse on humankind’s actions, is always in motion and revolution.’

Ciro Pirondi is co-founder and former director of Escola da Cidade de São Paulo (Brazil). Inspired by Paulo Freire, the visionary educational programs at this school of architecture promote multidisciplinarity as a form of knowledge and action.

“Architecture, as a discourse on humankind’s actions, is always in motion and revolution. Its memories are discontinuous, its changes slow and, as a specific form of knowledge, these memories represent changes in civilizations themselves. The transition from Greek exterior space to Roman interior space lasted five centuries. Interior and exterior dimensions of space, and the use of steel and sheet glass, only began to co-exist in the nineteenth century, creating a third and revolutionary vision of architectural space. 

In the twentieth century, the urban population’s new social consciousness generated other needs, new unpredictabilities. Social movements, and women’s new standing in society, together with the two Great Wars, posed new challenges for architecture and for land occupancy. 

Unfortunately, we had more misses than hits. Architecture, whose discourse must always be one of peacebuilding (though in reality destroyed in times of violence), did not know how to design and construct harmonious spaces.  We polluted our rivers, deprived mountains of nature and burned forests, killing civilizations that occupied them long before we did. We demolished our ancestry.

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With rare and honorable exceptions, the Architecture produced served speculative and predatory land interests throughout the twentieth century. The new technologies developed and made available to architects’ ingenuity generated flawed cities and segregated spaces that did not encourage interactions or conviviality, which are their primary design purpose. We used materials that contributed significantly to the current climate emergency. 

We enter the twenty-first century with greater environmental awareness, and awareness of the responsibility of architecture’s social function. What we are seeking is beautiful design where natural Nature and constructed Nature co-exist harmoniously.  We have recently begun to realize that we, as humans, are part of Nature. That the same cosmic dust found in the stars is present in us, too. Faced with a blank page, the contemporary architect finds themselves confronted with these issues as (still) insurmountable challenges over which they must ruminate. 

The discovery of plant neurobiology has fast brought Darwinism up to date, according to which the strongest adapt, survive and reproduce. Plant neurobiologist Stefano Mancuso understands that, in Nature, from fungi to the plant and animal kingdoms, the ones that survived the evolutionary process were the ones that knew how to share; to work with a collective and cooperative intelligence. 

This new vision of Humankind and of the World requires the Architecture of the twenty-first century, unlike previous centuries, to be increasingly social, ecological, collective, transdisciplinary and interactive with the user, whether they are private or public. Our creativity will become more sublime and wonderful if we adopt that approach. I believe this is the great and urgent revolution that we architects must bring about in Architecture.  These necessary and profound paradigm shifts begin and end in the formation of new generations. The educational programs of our architecture schools must be reconfigured to that end, to become the main driver of these transformations.”

The social pavilion project, led by Ciro Pirondi in collaboration with the architects Anália Amorim and Ruben Otero, was part of the 2010–2025 Paraisópolis urban development plan adopted by São Paulo city council. Today it is a key cultural landmark hosting art and photography exhibitions, as well as rehearsals for the Paraisópolis corps de ballet.

Dare, transmit, federate.The Global Award for Sustainable Architecture™ was founded in 2006 by Jana Revedin, German architect and architectural and urban sciences scholar. Each year, the award recognizes five architects who share the principles of sustainable development and a participatory architectural approach to the needs of society, in both the northern and southern hemispheres. Held under the patronage of UNESCO, the 2024 Global Award for Sustainable Architecture is supported by Saint-Gobain.

In 2024, an international panel of seven architects have selected five winners on the theme Architecture Is Education.

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